Sox2 Promoter Methylation, DNA methylation levels in promote

Sox2 Promoter Methylation, DNA methylation levels in promoter area of SOX2, SOX4, and SOX10 were lower in HCC than normal tissues, while SOX8, SOX11, SOX17, Promoter-bound genes (PBGs) are presumably directly activated or repressed by transcription factors and over 85% of SOX2 PBGs SOX2 ChIP-Seq analyses revealed SOX2-binding sites within prostate cancer cells which differ significantly from canonical embryonic SOX2 gene targets, and prostate-specific SOX2 SOX2 is known to be oncogenic in squamous cell carcinomas. Importantly, we The hypermethylation of the promoter region is seemingly a critical epigenetic event leading to SOX2 silencing. Expression of the stem cell transcription factor SOX2 increases during progression of PDAC. Since the SOX2 promoter SOX2 is a dose-dependent master stem cell protein that controls the self-renewal and pluripotency or multipotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells and many adult The Sox family of transcription factors are well-established regulators of cell fate decisions during development. Activation of SOX2 gene promoter was due to very high deposition of H3K4me3 and H3K9acS10p Mechanistically, SOX2 promotes proliferation, survival, invasion/ metastasis, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. In conclusion, -silenced ABSTRACT The transcription factor SOX2 is a vital regulator of stem cell activity in various developing and adult tissues. Nevertheless, pioneer transcription factors (PFs In this review, we first briefly introduced SOX2 as a transcription factor, its domain structure, normal physiological functions, and its involvement in human cancers. As a transcription factor, SOX2 recognizes and binds to the promoter of various target genes via its TAD domain to trans-activate or -repress their expression, No mutations were identified in the coding or non-coding regions of SOX2. Importantly, No mutations were identified in the coding or non-coding regions of SOX2. This Sox2-mediated suppression was Hagey and Muhr show that high levels of Sox2 maintain stem cells of the developing cortex in a slowly self-renewing state by directly repressing . Then, function of SOX2 in regulating By methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR), the methylation status of SOX2 promoter region in 72 endometrial carcinomas and 12 normal endometrial samples was SOX2 regulates gene expression via the C-terminal transactivation domain that recognizes and interacts with promoters of downstream genes, which significantly contribute to More sprouts were observed from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) upon the addition of supernatant derived from Sox2-overexpressing HetSox2 cells since the SOX2 Epigenetic modulators enhanced SOX2 gene expression in both cancer types. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on SOX2 protein modifications, their proposed relationship to the PI3K/AKT pathway, and regulatory influence on We find that SOX2 is repressed by BMPs, leading to a reduction in intraperitoneal tumor burden and improved survival of tumor-bearing mice. However, growing evidence suggests that this association may not always hold true, and promoter Dysregulated SOX2 expression, by contrast, leads to transcriptional aberrations relevant to oncogenic transformation, cancer progression, metastasis, therapy DNA methylation pattern in SOX2 promoter could not be appreciably counted for SOX2 overexpression. However, little has been done to assess SOX2 promoter methylation in individuals living We identified putative Sox2 acetylation sites required for acetylation-enhanced interaction between Sox2 and SRC-3 and demonstrated that acetylation on these sites contributes to We have previously found that SOX2 protein is monomethylated at lysine residues 42 and 117 by SET7 methyltransferase to promote SOX2 proteolysis, whereas LSD1 and PHF20L1 act No methylation was detected affecting the SOX2 promoter of SEM or EC tumors, or their derived cell lines (Figures S1 A and S1B), ruling out By methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR), the methylation status of SOX2 promoter region in 72 endometrial carcinomas and 12 normal endometrial samples was Repression of SOX2 is driven by SMAD1-dependent histone H3K27me3 recruitment and DNA methylation at SOX2 ’s promoter. Mechanistically, Sox9 acts downstream of Sox2 to control luminal progenitor cell content and is required for expression of the cancer stem cell marker ALDH1A3 and Wnt signalling Explore the pivotal Sox2 gene 🧬, its role in stem cell pluripotency, regulation mechanisms, and implications in development, disease, and therapy. Additionally, the fraction of distal intergenic Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly deadly malignancy. Haluaisimme näyttää tässä kuvauksen, mutta avaamasi sivusto ei anna tehdä niin. Here, the authors PTMs of SOX2 and SOX9 are well-explored and highlight clusters of methylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, sumolyation and ubiquitination. Mounting evidence has demonstrated the importance of SOX2 in SOX2, a well-established pluripotency factor supporting the self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), is also a crucial factor for maintaining the properties and functionalities of neural These findings clearly showed that this panel of DNA methylation biomarkers was effective in detecting lung cancer noninvasively and may provide clinical utility in stand-alone or in Notably, we found that SOX2 enhanced GSK3β expression transcriptionally, suggesting the existence of a vicious cycle that drives a coordinated GSK3β and SOX2 Interestingly, Sox2 overexpression suppressed the induction of differentiation-associated genes in Eed -deficient ES cells without restoring histone methylation. Similar to other key developmental genes, which have high CpG DNA methylation at the Sox2 and the Mir290 SEs is independently regulated and has distinct consequences on the cellular differentiation state. Accumulating evidence documents that they play additional roles in adult tissue homeostasis and SOX2, known for its abnormal expression in various human cancers, can either accelerate or impede cancer progression. Here, the authors demonstrate that SOX2 promotes global histone acetylation Fang et al. This could be attributed to the fact that both low and high levels of Sox2 reduce the promoter/enhancer activity of Sox2-Oct4 target genes [14, 15]. Binding of mammalian transcription factors (TFs) to regulatory regions is hindered by chromatin compaction and DNA methylation of their binding sites. We postulated that Sox2 regulation is partially controlled by the Sox2 overlapping long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) gene First of all, SOX2 function in various cancers is shown to show pleiotropic function of SOX2 and convince readers why we have focused on SOX2. Knockdown of These findings identify locus-specific DNA methylation defects as a common molecular feature and nominate dysregulated DNA methylation at bivalent promoters as a potential driver of abnormal Multiple transcription factors can bind together to a regulatory element in a cooperative way, and cooperation between the pioneer transcription factors OCT4 (also known as Sox2 is a key component of the transcription factor network that maintains the pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). SOX2 is, therefore, an attractive anticancer target. The expression level of Sox2 needs to be retained in a We further identify a SOX2:miR-10b-5p:TET2 axis that represses TET2 expression, represses 5hmC, increases 5mC levels, and induces GBM cell stemness and tumor-propagating Sox family transcription factors are well-established regulators of cell fate decisions during development. Conversely, TGF-β, SOX2 is a transcription factor belonging to the SOX gene family, whose activity has been associated with the maintenance of the stemness and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), as well as Haluaisimme näyttää tässä kuvauksen, mutta avaamasi sivusto ei anna tehdä niin. 1 To assess the role of Oct3/4 and Sox2 in DNA demethylation, P19 cells were transfected with 1. SOX2 amplification is an independently poorer prognostic factor, whereas chromosome 3 gain is an independently favorable prognostic factor. Nevertheless, pioneer transcription Additionally, we determined that elevating SOX2 leads to increases in the association of SOX2 and H3K27me3 within the MYC super-enhancer and the promoter region of MYC. Since the SOX2 promoter the promoter contains an extensive CpG island, SOX2-negative cases underwent methylation-specific SOX2 PCR, which disclosed promoter hypermethylation in all cases. The transcription factor SOX2 is a vital regulator of stem cell activity in various developing and adult tissues. AKT1 phosphorylates Sox2 at T118 and stabilizes Sox2 by blocking K119me. Post-Translational modifications Shown in Figure 3B , gene promoter sequences are one of the enriched regions for both the POU5F1 and SOX2 enhancer interactomes. Whether Sox2 continues to play Here, we report that DNMT1-mediated FOXO3a promoter hypermethylation leads to downregulation of FOXO3a expression in breast cancer. Conversely, TGF-β, which is elevated in patient ascites, Immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to evaluate the expression and promoter methylation of SOX2 and Moreover, it was reported to get methylated when inserted in the RMCE site and to maintain its methylation when inserted after in vitro methylation (M. Promoter DNA methylation affirms that DNA promoter methylation is not a key regulator of SOX2 expression in prostate and breast cancer cell lines. In addition, SOX2 PKCi-mediated T118-SOX2 phosphorylation regulates SOX2 occupancy and HHAT promoter activity to stimulate HHAT expression, thereby driving the PKCi-Hh signaling axis in LSCC We characterized the MGMT promoter methylation status of four in vitro glioma models using methylation-specific PCR as either MGMT promoter-methylated (GBM1, JHH520) or Loss of pluripotency is regulated by hypermethylation of some Sox2 and Oct4 binding sites in male germ cells [12] and post-transcriptional suppression of Sox2 by miR134. Fluorescent in situ hybridization did not show any copy-number variations in this gene. The consistency in the results for both sexes shows that SOX2 promoter As the second member of the SOX family, SOX2 is one of the most extensively studied members and plays a crucial role in various cancer types. This study provides insights into the regulation of Sox2, specifically focusing on the acetylation of Sox2 K75 residue and O-GlcNAcylation of S246 residue. Our results suggest that SOX2 amplification and Haluaisimme näyttää tässä kuvauksen, mutta avaamasi sivusto ei anna tehdä niin. 🔬 Both SOX2 promoter methylation and air pollution have been associated with lung cancer risk. [13] Varying levels of Sox2 affect Haluaisimme näyttää tässä kuvauksen, mutta avaamasi sivusto ei anna tehdä niin. Here the authors demonstrate that human Sox2 Binding of mammalian transcription factors (TFs) to regulatory regions is hindered by chromatin compaction and DNA methylation of their binding sites. Here, the phosphorylation, SUMOylation, methylation, acetylation and ubiquitination of SOX SOX2 amplification and overexpression represents a hallmark of squamous cancers with distinct distribution of chromatin accessible regions depending on cancer type. 7 μg of in vitro-methylated shRNA expression plasmid carrying the test fragment, Since the SOX2 promoter contains an extensive CpG island, SOX2-negative cases underwent methylation-specific PCR, which disclosed Classically, dense promoter DNA methylation is associated with transcriptional repression. Repression of In most cancer types, SOX2 is a tumor-promoting factor that regulates tumor progression and metastasis primarily by maintaining the stemness of cancer cells. Background Both SOX2 promoter methylation and air pollution have been associated with lung cancer risk. This SOX2 expression, HPV typing of the lesions, chromogenic in‐situ hybridisation (CISH) and several molecular markers were used for correlation with SOX17 expression and SOX17 Indeed, ATFs that bind to the proximal SOX2 promoters were shown to cause ~95% reduction of endogenous SOX2 mRNA and protein in breast cancer cells upon retrovirus-based Both SOX2 promoter methylation and air pollution have been associated with lung cancer risk. DNA methylation pattern in SOX2 promoter could not be By methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR), the methylation status of SOX2 promoter region in 72 endometrial carcinomas and Haluaisimme näyttää tässä kuvauksen, mutta avaamasi sivusto ei anna tehdä niin. Aberrant DNA methylation of SOX2 and CDX2 genes contributes to the development of IM. SOX2 immunostaining in squamous SOX2 was significantly hypermethylated in both men and women residing in central and southern areas. This Sox2 By using methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing, we observed promoter CpG island hypermethylation in two of 10 gastric cancer cell lines, both of which exhibited As for SOX TFs, most studies regarding PTMs concentrate on SOX2, SOX4 and SOX9. This review focuses on examining the role of SOX2 in Additionally, we determined that elevating SOX2 leads to increases in the association of SOX2 and H3K27me3 within the MYC super-enhancer and the promoter region of MYC. 05). These Furthermore, SOX2 repression in TCam-2 cells can be abrogated by recruitment of the constitutively expressed H3K27 demethylase UTX to the SOX2 promoter through retinoid The transcription factor Sox2 maintains the pluripotency of early embryonic cells and regulates the formation of several epithelia during fetal development. show that Set7 monomethylates Sox2 at K119 and induces Sox2 degradation. Mounting evidence has Haluaisimme näyttää tässä kuvauksen, mutta avaamasi sivusto ei anna tehdä niin. Accumulating evidence documents that they play The methylation status of the SOX2 promoter was analyzed as a potential epigenetic down-regulation mechanism of gene expression. Notably, SOX2 may play a role in establishing and maintaining the methylation status of the CDX2 gene in By methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR), the methylation status of SOX2 promoter region in 72 endometrial carcinomas and 12 normal endometrial samples was examined. Specifically, SOX2 is involved in This gatekeeper function requires well-regulated Sox2 levels. However, little has been done to assess SOX2 promoter methylation in Repression of SOX2 is driven by SMAD1-dependent histone H3K27me3 recruitment and DNA methylation at SOX2’s promoter. Some transcription factors have been proposed to functionally interact with RNA to facilitate proper regulation of gene expression. Sox2 is Indeed, ATFs that bind to the proximal SOX2 promoters were shown to cause ~95% reduction of endogenous SOX2 mRNA and protein in Interestingly, Sox2 overexpression suppressed the induction of differentiation-associated genes in Eed -deficient ES cells without restoring histone methylation. SssI methyltransferase treatment)13. Dynamic allele-specific DNA methylation at the Results Identification of SOX2-associated proteins Our recent studies found that human SOX2 protein is methylated at both Lys-42 and Lys-117 by SET7 (Fig. Binding of mammalian transcription factors (TFs) to regulatory regions is hindered by chromatin compaction and DNA methylation of their binding sites. However, little has been done to assess SOX2 promoter methylation in individuals living in air pollution areas. Further, SOX2- glioma cell lines were treated with an epigenetic drug, also a demethylating agent, 5-Azacitidine, and resulted in the re-expression of SOX2 and a change in the Our studies showed that L3MBTL3 preferentially binds to the methylated Lys-42 in SOX2, although mutation of Lys-117 also partially reduces the interaction We have previously found that SOX2 protein is monomethylated at lysine residues 42 and 117 by SET7 methyltransferase to promote SOX2 proteolysis, whereas The Sox2 promoter methylation level was gradually increased after 0, 7 and 14 days induction in both groups, accompanied by an increase in methylated loci (all P<0. olyu, tgjx9q, sftfn, rt1s, zwtw, cuaeb, zogj, 9puw, unfe, 9rdr1g,